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During the failure process, cracks propagated from the bottom to the top of the specimen, shearing off a large piece of the sample.įigure 1: Stress-strain curve of the Unconfined Compression Test for a specimen of Basalt.įigure 2: Photographs of the specimen before and after the testing procedure.Ī recorded testing process of another basalt specimen is presented in the video below. Photos of the specimen before and after the test are presented in Figure 2. The UCS is the peak value of the diagram and is equal to 44.7 MPa. ResultsĪ typical stress-strain diagram deriving from a Uniaxial Compression Test of an undisturbed specimen of basalt is presented in Figure 1. The maximum load is recorded in Newtons within a 1% accuracy. Stress and deformation data can be recorded through an electronic system that has the appropriate accuracy specifications. The load should be continuously applied at a rate of 0.5 MPa/s to 1.0 MPa/s (in case of a stress-controlled load device) and failure must occur in approximately 10 minutes. The two plates shall be carefully cleaned before the specimen is placed in the testing chamber. Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs), Compressometers, Electrical Resistance Strain Gages). Strain measurement devices: The axial and lateral deformations are measured by various devices (e.g. The length to diameter ratio must also be at least 0.5. Their diameter must be at least equal to the sample’s diameter. Platens: The axial stress applied by the loading device is transferred to the specimen by two steel platens that are made with a minimum Rockwell Hardness of 58. It is pointed out that only strain-controlled devices can capture the post-failure behavior of a material. The test may be stress- or strain-controlled. Loading Device: The loading device must be designed to consistently apply load at the required rate until the end of the test. The apparatus used to conduct the Unconfined Compression Test consists of the following parts: Therefore, moisture recorded in the field should also be preserved until testing.Īt least 5 samples are required to achieve a reliable value of the UCS. The purpose of the procedure is to preserve the in-situ properties of the sample until the test is conducted. In particular, the sample’s ends must be leveled within a 0.02 millimeters tolerance and they should not depart from perpendicularity by more than 0.06 degrees. The cylindrical surfaces are prepared in order to be flat and smooth. The samples’ length to diameter ratio (L/D) must be between 2.0 and 2.5, according to ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and 2.5-3.0 according to ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics). The minimum diameter of a specimen must be at least 47 millimeters and 10 times larger than the size of the largest mineral grain (or 6 times larger for weaker rocks e.g. Samples are retrieved by drill cores and are selected cautiously in order be representative of the original rock formation. On a large scale, the rockmass properties are highly affected by other factors including discontinuities, faults and weathering.ĭuring the test, apart from the axial load, axial and lateral deformation are commonly measured to derive the sample’s elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio. UCS is a parameter widely used in geotechnical design, but may not represent the strength in-situ. Due to the fact that stress is applied along the longitudinal axis, the Unconfined Compression Test is also known as Uniaxial Compression Test. Unconfirmed Compressive Strength (UCS) stands for the maximum axial compressive stress that a specimen can bear under zero confining stress.
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We currently have 391,797 full downloads including categories such as: software, movies, games, tv, adult movies, music, ebooks, apps and much more.The Unconfined Compression Test is a laboratory test used to derive the Unconfirmed Compressive Strength (UCS) of a rock specimen.
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